Anclote Key Lighthouse with dwellings Photograph courtesy U.S. Coast Guard

The year 1887 was a big one for the area – the City of Tarpon Springs was incorporated, the railroad arrived, and Anclote Key Lighthouse was built on the southern end of Anclote Key. The land for the lighthouse had been acquired in 1866, but funds for its construction were not made available until Congress appropriated $17,500 on March 3, 1885. The Lighthouse Board intended to build a skeletal tower similar to Cape San Blas Lighthouse, which had just been completed at a cost of $35,000. A request was thus made for additional funds, and Congress responded with another $17,500 on August 4 of the following year.

The tower was prefabricated in the north and then shipped to the island, arriving in June of 1887. It took just three months to assemble the cast-iron structure, and keeper James Gardner lit the light for the first time on September 15th. The tower’s lantern room is supported by a central cylinder, which houses a spiral staircase, and four supporting columns, which slope outward to form a square, pyramidal structure. Four levels of horizontal braces connect the central cylinder to the supporting columns.

A revolving third-order Fresnel lens was originally used in the tower to produce four, grouped white flashes every thirty seconds, displayed at a focal plane of 101 feet. In 1899, the signature was changed to one red flash every thirty seconds.

Bids for building the station's two dwellings were considered excessive, so the structures were built using hired labor. The dwellings were painted white, with green shutters, while the iron tower was brown, with a black lantern room. Each dwelling was roughly square, was covered in clapboard siding, and had a chimney protruding through the center of a double hipped roof. The dwellings were elevated about eight feet on piers to protect them from flooding, and the roofs had an exaggerated overhang to protect the inhabitants from the sun.

A round wooden cistern, also elevated on piers, was attached to the gutter and down spout system of each dwelling to provide water to the station. From the southern end of the island, a wharf extended 209 feet into the gulf. A boat house, with rails leading to the water, was constructed onshore, adjacent to the wharf. The wharf, tower, dwellings, privys, and oil house were all connected by a network of brick walkways. A white fence, 400 feet long, five feet high, and fitted with four gates, encircled the station.

Anclote Key Lighthouse with dwellings Photograph courtesy State Archives of Florida

Keepers were required to maintain a logbook to record activity at the station. Much of the history of various lighthouses has been pieced together from log entries, which unfortunately were kept quite brief. One can only imagine the emotion that must have accompanied the following short entries made by Keeper James Gardner in the Anclote Key Logbook:

Oct. 6, 1889	Baby was taken very sick at 5 p.m.
Oct. 7, 1889	Baby boy dies this morning at 2:30 o’clock. Keeper and wife went over to bury him today.
Aug. 30, 1890	Baby born. Keeper's wife. Bad weather.

Life at the lighthouse was tightly connected with life on the mainland at Tarpon Springs. The keepers frequently visited town to pick up supplies, retrieve mail, and attend church. Visitors to the island were not infrequent either, as town folks took advantage of the island’s pristine beaches. Around the beginning of the 20th century, John K. Cheyney started a commercial sponge venture in Tarpon Springs called the Anclote and Rock Island Sponge Company. John M. Cocoris, a native of Greece, was hired by Cheyney for his skill at harvesting and processing sponges. Cocoris sent for his brothers and an experienced diving crew from his homeland, and it wasn’t long before Tarpon Springs was known as the sponge capital of the world. The Grecian influence in Tarpon Springs is still clearly visible today.

Thomas A. Moody served as head keeper of Anclote Key Lighthouse from 1914 to 1923. Besides minding the light and maintaining the station, Keeper Moody kept an active eye on activity in the surrounding waters. In 1919, the Lighthouse Service recognized him for the following accomplishments: rescuing two men from a capsized sloop, towing a disable sponge-divers' boat to safety with two men aboard who were without food and water, and towing to safe anchorage a schooner that was lying six miles offshore in a disabled condition.

Anclote Key Lighthouse was automated by the Coast Guard in 1952, and then discontinued in 1984. A tall smokestack in Tarpon Springs equipped with strobe lights would serve as a night light for boaters. Abandoned, the station soon started to deteriorate. The keeper’s dwellings were burned, all the glass in the tower was shot or knocked out, and the tower was soon marred with “spray-painted declarations of love and teenage glory.” The skeletal tower eventually became part of Anclote Key Preserve State Park, and a grassroots restoration effort was launched to save the abused tower.

Thanks to efforts by the Gulf Islands Alliance Citizen Support Organization, Tampa Bay Harbour Lights Club, and the Tarpon Springs Historical Society, a Re-Light the Light Committee was formed and over a million dollars was secured to restore the lighthouse property. In January of 2003, International Chimney Corporation began an eight-month restoration project on the oil house and tower, which culminated in a relighting ceremony on September 13. Here are three pictures showing the tower before restoration: 1 2 3. On November 15, 2004, the modern beacon that was being used in the lantern room was replaced with an accurate replica of a fourth-order Fresnel lens crafted by Enberg Mold and Tools of Jacksonville, Florida.

A dwelling has been constructed just north of the lighthouse to house a state park ranger who will help protect the restored tower from any future acts of vandalism. After fifty years without a keeper and twenty years without a light, Anclote Key Lighthouse is back in service, and, as before, dwellers of the mainland are welcome to come out to the island to enjoy its beaches and visit its tower.

Head Keepers: James Gardner (1887 – 1888), Samuel E. Hope (1888 – 1889), James M. Baggett (1889 – 1891), Robert S. Meyer (1891 – 1914), Thomas A. Moody (1914 – 1923), Robert S. Meyer (1923 – 1933), James L. Pippin (1933 – at least 1949).

Photo Gallery: 1 2 3

References

1. Annual Report of the Lighthouse Board, various years.
2. Report on Anclote Key Lighthouse, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
3. "The new keeper of the Anclote Key Lighthouse steps into history," Candace Rondeaux, St. Petersburg Times, September 11, 2003.
4. "Working to Relight the Anclote Key Light, Florida," Wayne Hawes, Lighthouse Digest, February, 2003.
5. "International Chimney Restoring Anclote Key Light," Lighthouse Digest, May, 2003.